"And He [Jesus] said to them, “Whose image and
inscription is this?” They said to Him, “Caesar’s.” And He said to them,
“Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things
that are God’s." - Matthew 22:20-22
Jesus made it clear that there are two domains of authority.
God's domain and Caesar's or mankind’s domain. What should we do when they are
in conflict with each other?
The Pharisees plotted on how they might entangle Jesus in
His teachings. So they sent some of their henchmen to ask Jesus about the
legitimacy of paying taxes to Caesar.
That confrontation speaks to an important issue that faces
the Body of Christ. What to do when there is a conflict between the God’s and
man’s domains. In other words – the worldly domain says something is right when
God has made it clear that it is wrong or, conversely, the worldly domain says
something is wrong when God has made it clear that it is right.
There are times, of course, when there is no conflict, and
in those cases, Christians should render unto Caesar what is Caesar’s. Like
paying taxes.
But should a conflict arise between the two on some other
issue then, as children of God, we are bound to yield to God and not man. And
although we would be right in the eyes of God, we would be wrong in Caesar's
eyes and may well suffer legal consequences for our actions and decision to
obey God.
However, as salt and light we, Christians, have a biblical
responsibility – a mandate if you will - to speak up and stand in agreement
with God.
So why bring this up? I recently read a post about the
separation of church and state and whether it is permissible for a pastor to
speak out against actions taken by the government from the pulpit.
You may not have given this much thought – but you should –
we – the body of Christ - live in spiritually perilous times.
So, when is it OK to speak about the moral conflicts that
arise and when should Christians, and pastors in particular, be silent?
There are two aspects to this issue. One is what the
First Amendment to the United States Constitution says and second when the IRS
and second what the IRS Tax Code has to say about it.
Let’s talk about the First Amendment
The First Amendment to the Constitution says : Congress
shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion (meaning no national
religion), or prohibiting the free exercise thereof (freedom of religion); or
abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of
grievances.
So, you see, the intent of the First Amendment was and is to
keep government influence out of churches practicing the Christian faith – or
any other religious faith for that matter, and not attempt to keep the
influence of our faith out of the government.
What that means it the Islamic faith has as much right to
influence the government as the Christian faith does. The government does not rule
on which religion is right and which one is wrong. People have the freedom to
practice the religion they choose to follow.
No matter which religion is being followed, if the
government enacts laws or policies that are contrary to the beliefs of a
particular faith, the people following that belief system are obligated to
follow their belief system and not the government’s laws or policies.
The term for that is peaceful civil disobedience.
As an example, I am certain you remember the dilemma that
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego faced in Daniel chapter 3.
When King Nebuchadnezzar was told that they had refuse to
bow before his golden statue he was furious. He confronted the 3 men and gave
them another chance to comply or get tossed into the fiery furnace.
"Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego answered and said to
the king, “O Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to answer you in this matter. If
that is the case, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning
fiery furnace, and He will deliver us from your hand, O king. But if not, let
it be known to you, O king, that we do not serve your gods, nor will we worship
the gold image which you have set up." - Daniel 3:16-18
In this case, God had made it clear that His children are to
serve no other gods and have total devotion to Him. And the 3 men were not
willing to sin against God no matter what the worldly consequences. And as you
know there were consequences but then the king looked on the furnace, he saw 4
men not three. God was with them.
Ok so that is the First Amendment which does not limit what
the Pastor says from the pulpit or in writing.
Second is the IRS Tax code
Personally I think this is where some of the confusion about
separation of church and state may arise because of a rule the IRS has about
501(c)3 non-profit organizations, including most churches and their being
banned from political campaigning.
As a point of clarification – the government does not
require churches to be 501(c)3’s. That is the church to get a tax exemption
from the government.
Section 501(c)3 of the IRS tax code prohibits organizations who
are granted the exemption from explicitly supporting candidates and/or parties.
For Churches to be designated as 501(c)3 non-profit charities that they don’t
pay Federal taxes and the donations or tithes they receive are not taxable for
the donors.
So what is the ban on political campaign activity?
The ban on political campaign activity is a requirement
imposed by Congress for the privilege of being recognized as exempt from
federal income tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
The Tax Code says for an organization to be tax-exempt under
section 501(c)(3) it cannot “participate in or intervene in (including the
publishing or distributing of statements) any political campaign on behalf of
(or in opposition to) any candidate for public office.” Charities, educational
institutions and religious organizations, including churches, are among those
tax-exempt organizations restricted.
That means that if a pastor wants to keep the tax exemption,
he cannot tell his congregation either verbally or in writing to vote or not
vote for a particular person or party.
The ban on political campaign activity does not restrict
leaders (pastors) of organizations from expressing their views on political
matters if they are speaking for themselves as individuals. Nor are leaders (pastors)
prohibited from speaking about important issues of public policy. (like abortion or gay marriage)
A pastor of a church can attend an event for a particular
candidate and express his support of the candidate as long as he does not state
or otherwise imply that he is speaking on behalf of his church. [But frankly in my experience this is hard to
do as a leader. Most people see a pastor as always expressing the position of
the church and not just his own.]
You see ....
A church may take positions on public policy issues,
including issues that divide candidates in an election for public office as
long as the message does not in any way explicitly favor or oppose a particular
candidate or political party. A pastor can encourage the congregation to vote,
fulfilling their civic duty, but not who or what party to vote for.
If Caesar has instituted a policy that is in conflict with
God's Word then a pastor is free, and I would say obligated, to speak against
it so long has it does not take on speaking against political parties which
would be promoting one over the other. If that happened then the church might
lose its non-profit status.
I hope this brings clarity to the Church and State
conundrum.
By the way, should a pastor choose to tell the congregation
how they should vote in an election or participate in a political campaign,
don't worry about law enforcement swooping in the middle of the service and
carting the pastor away. The pastor has not violated the First Amendment. The
worst that can happen is the loss of non-profit status - but, again, that is
only if the church is a 501(c)3.
That being said, Pastors, and Christians, do have a
responsibility to speak to the moral issues of the day. Pastors must help their
congregations understand the moral issues embedded in the political process.
They should equip their congregations to embrace a biblical worldview in a
world that hates God and ignores His law.
It is the responsibility of the pastor to help the
congregation become like the sons of Issachar, mighty men of David) who
understood the times having spiritual discernment. To not only embrace a
biblical world view and understand the times but be willing to stand against
those things in Caesars domain that are contrary to what belongs to God. For
that – like Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego it requires conviction of your
beliefs, moral courage, and a devoted heart to God.
Think about it – Pray about it – Believe it – Walk in it.
Let your light shine and give God the glory.
By Faith Alone By His Grace Alone And For His Glory Alone