"And He [Jesus] said to them, “Whose image and inscription is this?” They said to Him, “Caesar’s.” And He said to them, “Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s." - Matthew 22:20-22
Jesus made it clear that there are two domains of authority. God's domain and Caesar's or mankind’s domain. What should we do when they are in conflict with each other?
The Pharisees plotted on how they might entangle Jesus in His teachings. So they sent some of their henchmen to ask Jesus about the legitimacy of paying taxes to Caesar.
That confrontation speaks to an important issue that faces the Body of Christ. What to do when there is a conflict between the God’s and man’s domains. In other words – the worldly domain says something is right when God has made it clear that it is wrong or, conversely, the worldly domain says something is wrong when God has made it clear that it is right.
There are times, of course, when there is no conflict, and in those cases, Christians should render unto Caesar what is Caesar’s. Like paying taxes.
But should a conflict arise between the two on some other issue then, as children of God, we are bound to yield to God and not man. And although we would be right in the eyes of God, we would be wrong in Caesar's eyes and may well suffer legal consequences for our actions and decision to obey God.
However, as salt and light we, Christians, have a biblical responsibility – a mandate if you will - to speak up and stand in agreement with God.
So why bring this up? I recently read a post about the separation of church and state and whether it is permissible for a pastor to speak out against actions taken by the government from the pulpit.
You may not have given this much thought – but you should. We – the body of Christ - live in spiritually perilous times.
So, when is it OK to speak about the moral conflicts that arise and when should Christians, and pastors in particular, be silent?
There are two aspects to this issue. One is what the First Amendment to the United States Constitution says and second is what the IRS Tax Code has to say about it.
Let’s talk about the First Amendment
The First Amendment to the Constitution says : Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion (meaning no national religion), or prohibiting the free exercise thereof (freedom of religion); or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
So, you see, the intent of the First Amendment was and is to keep government influence out of churches practicing the Christian faith – or any other religious faith for that matter and not attempt to keep the influence of our faith out of the government.
No matter which religion is being followed, if the government enacts laws or policies that are contrary to the beliefs of a particular faith, the people following that belief system face a conflict of obedience to follow their belief system and not the government’s laws or policies.
If they choose their religious beliefs, then the term for that is peaceful civil disobedience.
As an example, I am certain you remember the dilemma that Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego faced in Daniel chapter 3.
When King Nebuchadnezzar was told that they had refuse to bow before his golden statue he was furious. He confronted the 3 men and gave them another chance to comply or get tossed into the fiery furnace.
"Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego answered and said to the king, “O Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to answer you in this matter. If that is the case, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and He will deliver us from your hand, O king. But if not, let it be known to you, O king, that we do not serve your gods, nor will we worship the gold image which you have set up." - Daniel 3:16-18
In this case, God had made it clear that His children are to serve no other gods and have total devotion to Him. And the 3 men were not willing to sin against God no matter what the worldly consequences. And as you know there were consequences but when the king looked in the furnace, he saw 4 men not three. God was with them.
Ok so that is the First Amendment which does not limit what the Pastor says from the pulpit or in writing. But does not absolve people from the consequences of disobeying man’s law in favor of God’s law.
People no longer get tossed into furnaces for choosing their faith over the Caesar – but they can land themselves in jail or have to pay a fine.
Second is the IRS Tax code
Personally, I think this is where some of the confusion about separation of church and state may arise because of a rule the IRS has about 501(c)3 non-profit organizations and their being banned from political campaigning.
If a church wants to avoid paying taxes it must apply for a 501(c)3 exemption from the government. When Churches are designated as 501(c)3 non-profit charities they don’t pay Federal taxes and the donations or tithes they receive are not taxable for the donors
However, Section 501(c)3 of the IRS tax code prohibits organizations who are granted the exemption from explicitly supporting candidates and/or parties. So the Church is effectively agreeing that it will not explicitly support candidates or parties.
Before I elaborate on this, I must add that in 2020 there were 370 religious bodies, over 350,000 congregations in the United States. My point is that this restriction, in my view, is virtually unenforceable. Churches that have lost their status was because of financial issues, not faith issues.
So what is the ban on political campaign activity?
The ban on political campaign activity is a requirement imposed by Congress for the privilege of being recognized as exempt from federal income tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code.
The Tax Code says for an organization to be tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) it cannot “participate in or intervene in (including the publishing or distributing of statements) any political campaign on behalf of (or in opposition to) any candidate for public office.” Charities, educational institutions and religious organizations, including churches, are among those tax-exempt organizations restricted.
That means that per the written agreement with the IRS a pastor cannot tell his congregation either verbally or in writing to vote or not vote for a particular person or party. Since the IRS cannot really provide oversight of 350,000 congregations, it becomes a matter of integrity on the part of the church and the pastor.
The ban on political campaign activity does not restrict leaders (pastors) of organizations from expressing their views on political matters if they are speaking for themselves as individuals. But frankly in my experience this is hard to do as a leader. Most people see a pastor as always expressing the position of the church and not just his own.] Nor are leaders (pastors) prohibited from speaking about important issues of public policy. (like abortion or gay marriage)
A pastor can encourage the congregation to vote, fulfilling their civic duty, but not who or what party to vote for.
If Caesar has instituted a policy that is in conflict with God's Word then a pastor is free, and I would say obligated, to speak against it (First Amendment) so long has it does not take on speaking against political parties which would be promoting one over the other (501(c)3). If that happened then the church could lose its non-profit status.
I hope this brings clarity to the Church and State conundrum.
Both Pastors and Christians do have a responsibility to speak to the moral issues of the day. Pastors must help their congregations understand the moral issues that are embedded in the political process and laws. They should equip their congregations to embrace a biblical worldview in a world that hates God and ignores His law.
It is the responsibility of the pastor to help the congregation become like the sons of Issachar, mighty men of David) who understood the times having spiritual discernment. To not only embrace a biblical world view and understand the times but be willing to stand against those things in Caesars domain that are contrary to what belongs to God. For that – like Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego it requires conviction of your beliefs, moral courage, and a devoted heart to God.
Think about it – Pray about it – Believe it – Walk in it. Let your light shine and give God the glory.
By Faith Alone By His Grace Alone And For His Glory Alone